成人高考英语三级考试完形填空语法知识(3)
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容易混淆的词
hard(努力,副词)-hardly(几乎不,副词)
close(接近,形容词)-closely(接近,副词)
near(接近,形容词)-nearly(几乎,副词),nearby(adj.邻近的)
most(大多数的,形容词)-mostly(主要地,大部分副词)
late(迟、晚,形容词)-lately(最近,副词),later(adv.稍后的)
high(高的,形容词)-highly(adv. 非常,大大的)
另外:friendly(友好的),lovely(可爱的、有趣的),尽管词尾有ly,但是都是形容词作主语:不定式短语可作主语如:To see is to believe (百闻不如一见)
To work hard should be your major concern.
注意:由于英文不习惯句子主语过长,不定式主语常被形式主语it所代替(详见第十七章)
例如上面第二句可以变为:It should be your major concern to work hard.
又如:It is very nice of you to help me
不定式常接在名词之后作定语,如:something to read, nothing to do, anything to declare, a lot to complain of, the right person to talk to, etc.
由上述例子不难看出不定式和被修饰词间有动宾关系,因此不及物动词之后必须加上相
搭配的介词(例如上面的complain + of,talk +to)不定式定语还可表示将来的含义,如:in the years to follow, the meeting to be held in June
独立主格的主语和句子主语不一致
如:(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn't utter a word.(独立主格)对于分词来讲其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致:Filling his mouth with water, he couldn't utter a word.